After decades of research, Brazil has led experiments to recuperate degraded rainforest and help ranchers produce more without toppling any more forest.
Economic instability has increased the price of gold as Brazilian President Lula da Silva attempts to crack down on illegal mining threating the Amazon.
Police, prosecutors, money-laundering experts, and others convened in Brazil to tackle drug and environmental crimes that are growing in scale across the Amazon.
"No Brazilian leader has been so effusively pro-miner—or anti-Indigenous—as the former army captain and gold-prospecting hobbyist Bolsonaro,” writes Rob Muggah.